Proven Results: Efficiency and Profitability with Haifa's Fertilization Programs for Onions
1. More onion yield with 50% less nitrogen - Multicote™ Agri trial in Israel , 2016
|
|
Fertilizer |
Rate (kg/ha) |
N rate (kg/ha) |
% N of common practice |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Control - No fertilization |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Common practice |
46-0-0 |
652 |
300 |
100% |
|
Multicote™ Agri Hi |
42-0-0 |
714 |
300 |
100% |
|
Multicote™ Agri Med |
42-0-0 |
536 |
225 |
75% |
|
Multicote™ Agri Lo |
42-0-0 |
357 |
150 |
50% |
The common practice fertilization was applied by base dressing + 10 top dressings
Multicote™ Agri treatments were applied by single application
Effi
ciency and Profitability
More onion yield
while applying
50% less nitrogen
|
|
Fertilizer cost $/ha |
Application cost $/ha |
Total cost $/ha |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Common practice |
378.3 |
417.7 |
793.0 |
|
Multicote™ Agri Hi |
689.8 |
37.7 |
727.5 |
|
Multicote™ Agri Med |
517.3 |
37.7 |
555.0 |
|
Multicote™ Agri Lo |
344.9 |
37.7 |
382.6 |
- All Multicote Agri treatments resulted in higher yields compared to the farmers practice.
- The Multicote™Agri 50% N treatment was the most profitable treatment.
2. More onion yield, more dry matter and better NPK absorption with Haifa Multicote™ Agri. Trial in Mexico, 2007-2008
Location: INIFAD research center. The plot was irrigated by flooding the field
|
Treatment no. |
Rate (kg/ha) |
% CRF |
Yield (ton/ha) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
K2O |
N |
K2O |
Total |
Jumbo |
Large |
Medium |
Small |
|
|
T1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
28.15d |
8.64 |
56.66 |
29.03 |
5.72 |
|
T2 |
100 |
100 |
50 |
30 |
52.69c |
26.31 |
49.18 |
22.99 |
1.55 |
|
T3 |
100 |
100 |
30 |
30 |
49.96c |
19.96 |
52.93 |
25.44 |
1.66 |
|
T4 |
140 |
140 |
50 |
30 |
57.71ab |
24.91 |
49.70 |
23.70 |
1.68 |
|
T5 |
140 |
140 |
30 |
30 |
61.78a |
17.42 |
61.48 |
20.41 |
0.68 |
|
T6 (conventional) |
200 |
200 |
0 |
0 |
53.33bc |
20.44 |
52.61 |
24.47 |
2.48 |
|
DSH (0.05) |
|
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
CV (%) |
|
|
|
|
4.0 |
|
|
|
|
Economic analysis ($/ha)
|
Treatment no. |
Total income ($/ha) |
Variable costs ($/ha) |
Total costs ($/ha) |
Net income ($/ha) |
Benefit: cost ratio ($/ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
T1 |
33503 |
0 |
30000 |
3503 |
0.12 |
|
T2 |
67069 |
4325 |
34325 |
32744 |
0.95 |
|
T3 |
62353 |
3824 |
33824 |
28711 |
0.85 |
|
T4 |
73111 |
5787 |
35784 |
37324 |
1.04 |
|
T5 |
78389 |
5085 |
35085 |
43304 |
1.23 |
|
T6 (conventional) |
66674 |
3940 |
33940 |
32734 |
0.96 |
3. Multicote™ Agri trials in commercial farms, Mexico
- Las Adelinas farm
Farmer's practice
|
Fertilizer |
Rate (kg/ha) |
Total nutrients applied (kg/ha) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
CaO |
MgO |
||
|
Base 13-18-20 |
500 |
67 |
92 |
100 |
|
|
|
Fertigation |
|
233 |
39 |
256 |
72 |
36 |
|
Total |
|
300 |
131 |
356 |
72 |
36 |
The Haifa treatment
|
Fertilizer |
Rate (kg/ha) |
Total nutrients applied (kg/ha) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
CaO |
MgO |
||
|
Base: Multicote™ Agri (4) 21-17-17 |
553 |
117 |
92 |
94 |
|
|
|
Fertigation |
|
94 |
40 |
153 |
72 |
36 |
|
Total |
|
211 |
132 |
248 |
72 |
36 |
Yield results (MT/ha)
|
Treatment |
Total yield |
Bulb size |
||||
|
rejected |
small |
medium |
large |
XL |
||
|
Farmer's practice |
56.98 |
2.34 |
10.51 |
31.54 |
11.45 |
1.14 |
|
Multicote™ Agri |
63.30 |
2.53 |
5.06 |
27.85 |
24.05 |
3.80 |
- El Palomar farm
Location: Abasolo, Guanajuato, Mexico
Variety: Carta Blanca, area: 8 ha.
Sowing: August 2010, Harvest: January 2011.
Farmer's practice
|
Fertilizer |
Rate (kg/ha) |
Total nutrients applied (kg/ha) |
||||
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
CaO |
MgO |
||
|
Base 13-18-20 |
500 |
67 |
92 |
100 |
|
|
|
Fertigation |
|
233 |
28 |
250 |
60 |
15 |
|
Total |
|
300 |
120 |
350 |
60 |
15 |
Haifa's treatment
|
Fertilizer |
Rate (kg/ha) |
Total nutrients applied (kg/ha) |
||||
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
CaO |
MgO |
||
|
Base: Multicote™ Agri (4) 21-17-17 |
553 |
117 |
92 |
94 |
|
|
|
Fertigation |
|
94 |
40 |
153 |
72 |
36 |
|
Total |
|
211 |
132 |
248 |
72 |
36 |
Yield results (MT/ha)
|
Treatment |
Total yield |
Bulb size |
||||
|
rejected |
small |
medium |
large |
XL |
||
|
Farmer's practice |
78.11 |
11.26 |
2.73 |
17.40 |
33.09 |
13.64 |
|
Multicote™ Agri |
87.61 |
8.60 |
4.30 |
23.86 |
39.50 |
11.34 |
- Spring Onion trial in Australia
Grower's practice
|
Fertilizer |
No of applications |
Kg/ha |
Cost of application |
|||
|
Total |
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|||
|
Granular 12-11.4-18 |
1 base |
800 |
96 |
91.2 |
144 |
11.7 |
|
Granular 20-0-19 |
2 top |
800 |
160 |
0 |
152 |
23.4 |
|
SOP |
1 top |
800 |
0 |
0 |
416 |
|
|
Total |
4 |
2400 |
256 |
91.2 |
712 |
|
Haifa's treatment
|
Fertilizer |
No of applications |
Kg/ha |
|||
|
Total |
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
||
|
Multicote™ Agri (4) 13.5-4.5-36.5 |
1 base |
1140 |
153.9 |
51.3 |
416.1 |
Yields and profitability (after 14 weeks)
|
|
Grower's practice |
Multicote™ Agri |
Difference |
|
Yield(covers/plot) |
140 |
162 |
22 |
|
Covers /ha |
17,724 |
20,509 |
2,785 |
|
Profitability US$/ plot |
595.1 |
688.7 |
93.6 |
|
US$/ha |
75,345 |
87,195 |
11,850 |
Cover = 10 bunches
Plots = 79 X1 m, 4 rows per plot
126.6 plots /ha. Cover estimated price: 4.251 us$
Conclusions: Multicote™ Agri treatment resulted in
- Higher uniformity - plants with the same color
- Greater weight per bunch, higher total returns
- Labor saving
- Less harm caused by machinery
Foliar nutrition trial, Mexico
Location: Pénjamo, Guanajuato
Variety: Cal-214, area : 1.5 ha.
Sowing: 14/10/2009.
|
# |
Treatment |
Spray concentration |
No. of applications |
Time interval between applications |
|
1 |
Haifa Bonus™ Lo |
2% |
2 |
15 days |
|
2 |
Haifa Bonus™ Med |
4% |
2 |
15 days |
|
3 |
Haifa Bonus™ Hi |
6% |
1 |
|
|
4 |
Control |
0 |
0 |
|
|
5 |
Conventional |
|
|
|
Foliar nutrition trial, Peru
Foliar Application of Poly-Feed™ and Haifa Bonus™ npK in red Onion Arequipeña type ,
Santa Rita zone - Arequipa – Fundo América - 2010:
|
Size |
Poly-Feed™ 1% |
Poly-Feed™ 2% |
Haifa Bonus™ 1% |
Haifa Bonus™ 2% |
Control |
|
Paneton |
8.0 |
5.9 |
11.0 |
6.2 |
5.01 |
|
Primera |
23.8 |
18.25 |
27.0 |
22.5 |
18.24 |
|
Segunda |
3.0 |
3.85 |
3.65 |
2.98 |
4.98 |
|
Floreada |
22.0 |
19.95 |
15.1 |
15.7 |
13.6 |
|
Total |
56.8 |
47.95 |
56.75 |
47.38 |
41.83 |
|
Yield kg/ha |
63,108 |
53,275 |
63,053 |
52,637 |
46,479 |
Poly-Feed™ 12-6-40+ME
Haifa Bonus™ 13-2-44
Bibliography
- Boyhan and Kelly. Onion production guide. The University of Georgia, 2008.
- Conn et al. "Onion Disease Guide." Seminis, 2012.
- FAO. Crop Water Information: Onion. 2015. https://www.fao.org/nr/water/cropinfo_onions.html.
- FAOSTAT. FAOSTAT. n.d. https://faostat3.fao.org/home/E (accessed 2016).
- Onions Australia. Onions Australia. 2016. https://www.onionsaustralia.org.au/index.htm (accessed 2016).
- Oregon state university. "Nutrient Management for Onions in the Pacific Northwest." 2001.
- Phill Sinclair. "The botany of onions." Australian Onion Grower, Vol. 5, 1988.
- Shannon and Grieve. 1999. Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity, U.S. Salinity Laboratory Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
- Thangasamy, 2016, 4R Nutrient Management for Onion in India
- UC Davis. ONION Leaf Analysis Guide for Diagnosing Crop Nutrient Status. https://vric.ucdavis.edu/veg_info/onion_leaf_analysis.htm (accessed 2016).
- University of Georgia. "Onion production guide." 2007
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NPK Fertilizers - Water Soluble Fertilizers
Plant Fertilizer & Plant Nutrition