Our fertilization program regards different growing medium and conditions
Growing medium: Open field.Soil type: Sandy loam (light).
Plant population: 11000 -12500 plants/Ha.
Expected yield: 100 T/Ha.
Recommended average rates of nutrients for tomatoes
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|---|---|---|
|
---------------- Kg/Ha ----------------- |
||
|
250-350 |
270-280 |
500-700 |
Base-Dressing
|
Recommended fertilizers |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
KCI |
SSP |
|
-------------- Kg/Ha -------------- |
-------- Kg/Ha -------- |
|||
|
- |
80-100 |
150 |
90 |
470-520 |
Fertigation
| Growth stage after planting |
Nutrient demand |
Recommended fertilizers |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
Poly-Feed |
AN |
|||
|
-------- Kg/Ha ------- |
-------------- Kg/Ha -------------- |
||||||
| First 2 weeks |
10 |
10 |
10 |
50 |
- |
- |
- |
| Veg. Growth - flowering (3 weeks) |
50 |
50 |
50 |
- |
110 |
80 |
75 |
| Flowering - fruit set (4 weeks) |
90 |
45 |
138 |
- |
300 |
75 |
125 |
| Fruit set - 1st harvest (4 weeks) |
80 |
40 |
160 |
- |
350 |
65 |
80 |
| Harvest - end (3 weeks) |
60 |
30 |
120 |
- |
260 |
50 |
60 |
AN - Ammonium Nitrate (34% nitrogen)
MAP - Mono Ammonium Nitrate (12% nitrogen and 61% P2O5)
Multi-K- Potassium nitrate 13-0-46
Growing method: greenhouse, planted on sandy soil.
Plant density: 20,000-24,000 / Ha.
Expected yield: 120-150 Ton/Ha, depending on variety.
|
Macronutrients uptake (Kg/Ha) |
||
|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|
250-350 |
270-280 |
500-700 |
Top-dressing: by fertigation depending on growth stage
| Growth stage (Total 90-110 days) |
Nutrition requirement (Kg/Ha/day) |
Recommended fertilizer (Kg/Ha/day) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
Poly-Feed* |
Multi-K |
Haifa MAP |
AN |
|
| 1st two weeks from transplanting |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5.5 |
|||
| 1st two weeks - flowering |
1.5 |
2.9 |
1.8 |
4 |
5 |
1.5 |
|
| flowering - fruitset 1st stage |
2.4 |
2.3 |
3.8 |
10 |
3.8 |
1.75 |
|
| fruit-set 1st stage - fruit-set 3rd stage |
4 |
2 |
6.4 |
14 |
3.5 |
5 |
|
| fruit-set 3rd stage last - flowering stag |
7 |
1.85 |
11 |
24 |
3 |
10.5 |
|
| last flowering stag - end |
4 |
1.85 |
6 |
20 |
3 |
6 |
|
Multi-K = Potassium nitrate (13-0-46)
Haifa MAP* = Mono-Ammonium Phosphate (12-61-0)
AN = Ammonium nitrate (34-0-0)
Maximal tolerable Ec in soil solution = 3.0 mMho
Fertilization of tomato in the UK
Growing method: Open field.Plant density: 11,000-12,500 / Ha.
Expected yield: 100Ton/Ha.
|
Macronutrients uptake (Kg/Ha) |
||
|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|
250-350 |
180-200 |
500-700 |
Side-dressing
|
Nutrition requirement (Kg/Ha) |
Recommended fertilizers (Kg/Ha) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
AN |
|||
| Planting - flowering |
100 |
50 |
150 |
330 |
80 |
140 |
| Flowering - fruit-set |
125 |
75 |
175 |
380 |
120 |
180 |
| Fruit-set - 1st floor |
125 |
75 |
175 |
380 |
120 |
180 |
| Harvesting - end |
100 |
50 |
150 |
330 |
80 |
140 |
| Total |
350 |
250 |
650 |
1420 |
400 |
640 |
Haifa MAP* = Mono-Ammonium Phosphate (12-61-0)
AN = Ammonium nitrate (34-0-0)
SSP = Single Superphosphate (19% P2O5)
Fertilization of fresh tomatoes
Soil type: Sandy.
Plant density: 12,000 plants / Ha.
Expected yield: 127 T/Ha.
Growth period (days from seeding/planting to harvest): Selective.
Fertigation
| Time interval (days after emergence or planting) |
Nutrients requirement (Kg/Ha/Day) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|
|
1-10 |
0.30 |
0.02 |
0.48 |
|
11-20 |
0.30 |
0.05 |
0.60 |
|
21-30 |
0.30 |
0.07 |
0.60 |
|
31-40 |
0.40 |
0.07 |
0.60 |
|
41-50 |
0.40 |
0.07 |
0.66 |
|
51-60 |
0.45 |
0.09 |
0.66 |
|
61-70 |
0.50 |
0.09 |
0.72 |
|
71-80 |
1.70 |
0.41 |
2.65 |
|
81-90 |
2.80 |
0.50 |
5.78 |
|
91-100 |
1.30 |
0.23 |
3.49 |
|
101-110 |
2.70 |
0.69 |
6.87 |
|
111-120 |
4.60 |
1.37 |
9.40 |
|
121-130 |
3.90 |
1.03 |
8.43 |
|
131-150 |
2.70 |
0.39 |
2.41 |
|
151-180 |
- |
- |
- |
|
181-220 |
- |
- |
- |
|
Total (Kg/Ha) |
250.00 |
54.97 |
445.70 |
Fertilization of greenhouse tomatoes
Soil type: Sandy.
Plant density: 23,000 plants / Ha.
Expected yield: 195 T/Ha.
Growth period (days from seeding/planting to harvest): Selective.
Fertigation
| Time interval (days after emergence or planting) |
Nutrients requirement (Kg/Ha/Day) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|
|
1-10 |
1.00 |
0.23 |
2.41 |
|
11-20 |
1.00 |
0.23 |
4.82 |
|
21-30 |
1.00 |
0.23 |
4.22 |
|
31-40 |
2.00 |
0.46 |
4.22 |
|
41-50 |
2.50 |
0.92 |
6.63 |
|
51-60 |
2.50 |
1.37 |
6.63 |
|
61-70 |
2.50 |
0.69 |
7.23 |
|
71-80 |
2.50 |
0.69 |
4.82 |
|
81-90 |
1.50 |
0.69 |
7.23 |
|
91-100 |
1.50 |
0.23 |
0.12 |
|
101-110 |
1.00 |
0.23 |
0.12 |
|
111-120 |
1.00 |
0.23 |
1.20 |
|
121-130 |
1.50 |
0.46 |
1.20 |
|
131-150 |
1.50 |
0.80 |
1.57 |
|
151-180 |
4.00 |
1.15 |
4.58 |
|
181-220 |
2.00 |
0.69 |
3.61 |
|
Total (Kg/Ha) |
450 |
148.87 |
855.27 |
Approximate nitrogen requirement
|
lbsN/acre/week |
kgN /ha/week |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Crop |
Growth stage |
low |
high |
low |
high |
| Tomato | vegetative growth |
5 |
10 |
5.6 |
11.2 |
| early flowering/fruit set |
15 |
20 |
16.8 |
22.4 |
|
| fruit bulking |
10 |
15 |
11.2 |
16.8 |
|
| first harvest |
5 |
10 |
5.6 |
11.2 |
|
Fertigation recommendations for tropical conditions
e.g. Thailand
Suggested by Chatpracha Sonklien, Agronomist of Haifa Thailand.
Soil: Medium – Heavy
| Crops | Growth stage | Suggested fertilizers (Kg/ha/day) | Nutrients uptake (kg/ha/day) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
46-0-0 |
12-61-0 |
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
|||
| Tomatoes (Fresh) |
I |
3 |
2 |
5 |
2.3 |
1.2 |
2.30 |
|
II |
5 |
7.5 |
3.2 |
3.45 |
|||
|
III |
2 |
28 |
4.5 |
12.88 |
|||
| Tomatoes (processing) |
I |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
|
II |
3 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
|||
|
III |
6.25 |
13.75 |
4.5 |
4.5 |
|||
Nutrition database for soilless tomatoes
|
concentration |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Rockwool |
Rockwool (reuse drainage) |
Plant – dry matter (7-8%) |
|||||
| Parameter |
Nutrient Solution |
Root Environ. |
Nutrient Solution |
Root Environ. |
Guiding Range |
Deficient |
Excessive |
| EC (mS/cm) |
2.6 |
3.7 |
1.6 |
3.7 |
|||
|
(mg/l) |
(mg/l) |
(%) |
|||||
| NH4 |
21.6 |
9.0 |
18.0 |
9.0 |
|||
| N-NH4 |
16.6 |
6.9 |
13.8 |
6.9 |
|||
| K in sap |
0.67 –0.74 |
0.47 | |||||
| K |
371.5 |
312.8 |
254.2 |
312.8 |
3.52– 5.08 |
2.35 | |
| Ca |
216.5 |
401.0 |
110.3 |
401.0 |
1.60 - 3.21 |
0.80 | |
| Mg |
58.3 |
109.4 |
24.3 |
109.4 |
0.36 - 0.49 |
0.36 |
|
| N, total |
2.80 – 4.20 |
||||||
| NO3 |
992.0 |
1426.0 |
666.5 |
1426.0 |
|||
| N-NO3 |
223.9 |
321.9 |
150.5 |
321.9 |
|||
| S, total |
1.28 |
||||||
| SO4 |
422.8 |
653.5 |
144.2 |
648.7 |
|||
| P |
0.31– 0.46 |
0.31 | |||||
| H2PO4 |
145.5 |
97.0 |
121.3 |
97.0 |
|||
| Si | |||||||
| Na | |||||||
|
mg/Kg (ppm) |
|||||||
| Fe |
0.838 |
0.838 |
0.838 |
1.396 |
83.8 – 111.7 |
||
| Mn |
0.549 |
0.385 |
0.549 |
0.275 |
54.9-164.8 |
> 1098** | |
| Zn |
0.327 |
0.458 |
0.262 |
0.458 |
39.2* |
32.7 |
|
| B |
0.324 |
0.540 |
0.216 |
0.540 |
54.0 – 75.6 |
32.4 | > 75.6 |
| Cu |
0.048 |
0.044 |
0.048 |
0.044 |
6.4 | ||
| Mo |
0.048 |
- |
0.048 |
- |
2.9 - 3.7 | ||
* in petioles
** in old leaves
Important note: The a/m database was prepared to fit Dutch conditions (low transpiration and low EC of the water). Some modifications may be required to correspond to your local conditions.
sources:
- N. Straver. Nutrient solutions for vegetables and flowers grown in water or substrates. 10th Ed. 1994.
- C. de Kreij, Sonneveld C., Warmenhoven M.G. and Straver N.A. Guide values for nutrient element contents of vegetables and flowers under glass. 3rd Ed. 1992.
Nutrition recommendations for soilless tomatoes
Suggested by Matt Thomas, MULTIFERT AGENCIES, Victoria, Australia.
Growth conditions:
Greenhouse, growth medium: 90% scoria (tuff) + 10% peat.
Drainage to waste should be effected at around 25% of input.
Assumptions regarding water test: 70 ppm Calcium, 60 ppm of Magnesium.
Target Yield : 90-120 MT /ha.
There are two phases of production:
Phase 1: Rooting phase with high Phosphorus (P) requirement.
This phase will run until the second fruit floor and the K (Potassium) to N (Nitrogen) ratio will be in the range 1:1 rising to 1.5:1 at last stage
Phase 2: Production phase. Potassium is critical and ratio K:N will rise in range 1.5:1 through to 2.0:1
It will be wise to establish a two tank system because:
- Some nutrients do not sit well together, Phosphorus should not be mixed with Calcium or Magnesium.
- It is essential that no more than 15% of your Nitrogen be applied in the Ammonium form due to the lack of nitrification in media.
A. Recommended solution required for tomatoes in production phase
|
N |
P |
K |
Mg |
Ca |
S |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio |
1 |
0.25 |
1.7 |
0.25 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
| Conc. mg/l (ppm) |
250 |
63 |
425 |
63 |
200 |
38 |
Recommendations
| Fertilizer type and rates |
N |
P |
K |
Ca |
Mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.66 g/l of Multi K (potassium nitrate) |
85.5 |
266 |
|||
| 0.2 g/l of phosphoric acid |
48 |
||||
| 0.1g/l of ammonium nitrate |
34 |
||||
| 0.25g/l MAP |
18 |
41 |
|||
| 0.61 g/l Calcium Nitrate |
…. |
…. |
|||
| 0.2g/l Magnisal (magnesium nitrate) |
…. |
….. |
|||
| Total in ppm |
254.5 |
89 |
266 |
180 |
80 |
Phase 2 Production approx 60-90 days
| Fertilizer type and rates |
N |
P |
K |
Ca |
Mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.05 g/l of Multi-K (potassium nitrate) |
136 |
400 |
|||
| 0.26 g/l phosphoric acid + | |||||
| Water - Calcium 70 ppm , Magnesium 60 ppm |
70 |
60 |
|||
| 0.56 g/l Calcium Nitrate |
87 |
100 |
|||
| 0.2g/l Magnisal (magnesium nitrate) |
22 |
20 |
|||
| Total in ppm |
245 |
63 |
400 |
170 |
80 |
How to use
| Fertilizer |
Tank A |
Tank B |
|---|---|---|
| Multi-K |
130kg |
|
| Calcium Nitrate |
70kg |
|
| Magnisal |
25kg |
Inject 32.5 litres/1000 liters of Phosphoric acid into irrigation lines.
- Inject from each tank 6 liters per cubic meter of irrigation water.
- The balance of K/Mg/Ca can be changed by addition of Potassium Nitrate, and Calcium Nitrate or Magnesium Nitrate addition or reduction.
- In the case of Magnesium deficiency a foliar spray of Magnesium Nitrate can be applied 2-3 times (every 10 days) at 0.5-1% concentration: ie: 1-1.5 kg in 100 liters of water and spray to wet.
- Acid (Phosphoric) can be used for pH and bicarbonates reduction and can be added to Tank A. or direct to irrigation line. Phosphoric acid can also be used as a source of phosphorus for nutrition but be careful not to lower Tank A. pH below 3.5 as you will break chelated micro-element bonds.
THIS RECOMMENDATION IS MADE ON BEST PRACTICE DERIVED FROM ISRAELI EXPERIENCE. NO GUARANTEES ARE MADE IN RESPECT OF YIELD OR CROP PERFORMANCE AND ADJUSTMENTS SHOULD BE MADE TO REFLECT ON SITE CONDITIONS SUCH AS WATER QUALITY AND RATIOS OF NUTRIENTS.
Nutrition recommendations for Greenhouse soil grown truss tomatoes
Suggested by Matt Thomas, MULTIFERT AGENCIES, Victoria, AustraliaGrowth conditions:
Soil type: Light Soil.
Target yield: 100 MT/ha.
Assumptions regarding water test: 70 ppm Calcium, 60 ppm of Magnesium.
Recommended average rate of nutrients for crop
|
N |
P |
K |
|---|---|---|
|
-------------------kg/ha------------------- |
||
|
200-220 |
80-90 |
300-330 |
A. Base Dressing
The rates are based on the assumption that minimum 10% of the N and K will be applied as pre-plant and up to 50% of P applied as pre-plant.|
N |
P |
K |
Recommended fertilizer |
|---|---|---|---|
|
--------------kg/ha------------- |
|||
|
20-30 |
25 |
30-40 |
12-5-14 at 250 kg/ha or similar |
|
30 |
12.5 |
35 |
Supplied by Above |
B. Through irrigation system
| Growth stage |
Germination/ Planting to 6-8 leaves |
6-8 leaves to fruit set |
Ripening and picking |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anticipated days |
20 |
25 |
50 |
| Poly-Feed |
19-8-16 +TE |
19-8-16 +TE |
12-2.6-33 +TE |
| Rate kg/ha/week |
60kg |
60kg |
80kg |
Supplemental to above recommendations
| Growth stage |
6-8 leaves to fruit set |
Ripening and picking |
|---|---|---|
| Anticipated Days |
25 |
50 |
| Rate kg/ha/week |
25kg Calcium Nitrate |
15kg Calcium Nitrate |
| Fertilizer |
30kg Magnesium Sulphate |
30kg Magnesium Sulphate |
Additional information:
- If required and additional foliar spray of Potassium Nitrate may be applied in bulking stage.
- Potassium Nitrate 1kg plus 200 grams of Tech MAP per 100 liters of water and spray to wet - use of a surfactant/ spreader is advised.
- In the case of Magnesium deficiency a foliar spray of Magnesium Nitrate can be applied 2-3 times (every 10 days) at 0.5-1% concentration: i.e.: 1-1.5 kg in 100 liters of water and spray to wet.
- 1.Fertilizer should be evenly divided over all irrigations. e.g.: If recommended rate is 25 kg per ha per week and there are 5 irrigations, then 5kg per irrigation.
- 2. For a greenhouse size 200 ft x 30 ft = approx 560 square meters or 0.05 of a ha.
- Therefore a rate of: 25kg/ha/wk = 1.25 kg per greenhouse per week
30kg/ha/wk = 1.50 kg per greenhouse per week.
NO GUARANTEE ON YIELDS OR QUALITY ARE MADE OR IMPLIED.
Tomatoes - Nutrients values
|
Mature leaves and petioles |
||
|---|---|---|
|
Nutrient |
Average value |
Critical level |
|
(%) |
||
|
N |
5.10 |
2.20 |
|
S |
0.80 |
0.24 |
|
P |
0.65 |
0.18 |
|
K |
3.20 |
1.10 |
|
Mg |
0.41 |
0.17 |
|
Ca |
2.90 |
0.90 |
|
Na |
0.06 |
|
|
(ppm) |
||
|
Fe |
160 |
40 |
|
Al |
115 |
|
|
Mn |
130 |
40 |
|
B |
52 |
20 |
|
Cu |
20 |
3 |
|
Zn |
36 |
15 |
|
Mo |
1.0 |
|
Macro elements removed by 1 ton marketable product
|
N |
P |
K |
Ca |
Mg |
S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
---------------------------------------------------Kg / ton----------------------------------------- |
|||||
|
2-4 |
0.3-1.0 |
3-5 |
2.6 |
0.4 |
0.55 |
Plant analysis guide
| Tomatoes |
N |
S |
P |
K |
Mg |
Ca |
Na |
B |
Zn |
Mn |
Fe |
Cu |
Al |
Mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
-------------------- % -------------------- |
------ p.p.m -------- |
|||||||||||||
| From |
3.00 |
0.50 |
0.30 |
2.50 |
0.50 |
2.00 |
0.01 |
40 |
35 |
100 |
100 |
8 |
20 |
|
| To |
6.00 |
0.90 |
0.80 |
5.00 |
1.00 |
6.00 |
0.10 |
60 |
50 |
200 |
200 |
20 |
200 |
|
Plant part to sample
| Time of Sampling | Plant Part | |
|---|---|---|
| Tomatoes, canning |
Early bloom |
Petiole of 4th leaf from growing tip |
|
Fruit 1’’dia |
||
|
First color |
Plant tissue sampling procedures
| Stage of growth | Plant Part |
|---|---|
| Before or during early bloom stage | Third or fourth leaves from the growing tip |
In California
Field with less than 0.7 meq/100 g exchangeable K showed a wide range of color disorder severity, with an average of 20 percent of fruit affected. Conversely, field with greater than 0.7 meq/100 g exchangeable K averaged only 7 percent color disorders.
The combination of gypsum and K reduced total color disorders by 54 percent. Soil K application significantly decreased IWT (Internal White Tissue) and total color disorders.
The ratio K/√Mg will allow the processing tomato industry to use routine soil testing to rank fields for the relative danger of encountering severs YS (Yellow Shoulder) and IWT expression and to suggest appropriate soil amendment strategies. Fields with soil K/√Mg greater than 0.25 averaged only 4 percent color disorders.
Source: Hartz, T.K. (1999). Potassium requirements for maximum yield and quality of processing tomato. Better Crops 83(2):26-28.
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